
How Fast-Food Franchising Actually Works
Almost every restaurant you think of as a chain is owned by someone else entirely. What the franchisee actually buys, and why it explains the price on the board.
8 chains tracked in India, priced in INR (₹). Every menu below is the full local board, not a global template.
The cheapest priced item we hold in each dish category across every India menu - A rough floor for what each kind of food costs here.
| Dish type | Items tracked | Cheapest we found | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Burgers | 48 | ₹55 | Beef, chicken and plant-based burgers priced side by side. |
| Sides & Fries | 37 | ₹21.90 | Fries, onion rings, dips, slaw and the upsell economy. |
| Pizza | 29 | ₹99 | Every pizza on every menu we track, from margherita to meat feast. |
| Fried Chicken | 27 | ₹75 | Buckets, tenders, wings, nuggets and rotisserie birds. |
| Coffee | 24 | ₹89 | Espresso, latte, cappuccino and cold brew, market by market. |
| Rice & Bowls | 18 | ₹90 | Rice plates, bowls and the localised menus built around them. |
| Sandwiches & Wraps | 17 | ₹119 | Subs, wraps, melts, toasties and hand-held everything else. |
| Soft Drinks, Tea & Juice | 15 | ₹60 | Colas, teas, juices, water and the mark-up on all of them. |
| Shakes & Smoothies | 15 | ₹180 | Milkshakes, frappes, smoothies and blended drinks. |
| Ice Cream & Frozen Treats | 12 | ₹39 | Scoops, sundaes, blizzards, soft serve and ice-cream cakes. |
| Breakfast | 10 | ₹55 | Muffins, pancakes, all-day eggs and breakfast cut-off times. |
| Combos & Meal Deals | 4 | ₹245 | Bundles, family boxes, promotions and value platters. |
| Desserts & Bakes | 4 | ₹65 | Cakes, cookies, pies, brownies and the sweet end of the board. |
| Pasta & Noodles | 4 | ₹149 | Spaghetti, penne, mac and cheese, and noodle bowls. |
Cheapest priced option on any India menu in that category, including small sizes and single-item promos.
8 brands, 8 full menus.
| INR | USD | |
|---|---|---|
| From | 21.90 | 0.23 |
| Average | 151.06 | 1.58 |
| Dearest | 379 | 3.96 |
| INR | USD | |
|---|---|---|
| From | 59 | 0.62 |
| Average | 266.93 | 2.79 |
| Dearest | 899 | 9.39 |
| INR | USD | |
|---|---|---|
| From | 49 | 0.51 |
| Average | 135.71 | 1.42 |
| Dearest | 329 | 3.44 |
| INR | USD | |
|---|---|---|
| From | 49 | 0.51 |
| Average | 221.73 | 2.32 |
| Dearest | 389 | 4.06 |
| INR | USD | |
|---|---|---|
| From | 60 | 0.63 |
| Average | 213.99 | 2.23 |
| Dearest | 369 | 3.85 |
| INR | USD | |
|---|---|---|
| From | 89 | 0.93 |
| Average | 213.34 | 2.23 |
| Dearest | 349 | 3.64 |
| INR | USD | |
|---|---|---|
| From | 169 | 1.76 |
| Average | 256.71 | 2.68 |
| Dearest | 360 | 3.76 |
| INR | USD | |
|---|---|---|
| From | 45 | 0.47 |
| Average | 443.80 | 4.63 |
| Dearest | 745 | 7.78 |
Products India shares with the most other markets we track, so you can see where it sits.
| Product | Brand | Markets | Cheapest | Priciest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| McChicken | McDonald's | 9 | $1.45 | $6.52 |
| Vegetable Curry | CoCo Ichibanya | 8 | $4.46 | $13.64 |
| Chicken Cutlet Curry | CoCo Ichibanya | 8 | $5.35 | $16.23 |
| Small/Medium Fries | McDonald's | 7 | $0.72 | $3.35 |
| Spinach Curry | CoCo Ichibanya | 7 | $4.11 | $13.50 |
| Americano Small | Costa Coffee | 5 | $1.76 | $5.66 |
| Cheese Curry | CoCo Ichibanya | 5 | $5.54 | $13.64 |
| Tuna Salad | CoCo Ichibanya | 5 | $2.30 | $5.35 |
India forces more menu localisation than any other market a chain can enter. A large vegetarian population, widespread avoidance of beef, and regional taste differences across a country of that size mean an imported menu does not survive contact with the market at all.
What emerges is often barely recognisable: separate vegetarian preparation lines, chicken and paneer in place of beef, spice levels calibrated far above the global default, and price points built for a value-sensitive mass market. Brands that treated India as a place to sell their existing menu have generally struggled; brands that rebuilt from the ground up have done well.
Among the chains we track, Costa Coffee, Swensen's and Coffee World all operate here, each having arrived through a different route - British via a global coffee estate, Thai via a regional dessert franchise, and Thai via a coffee-house franchise network respectively.
Pick any brand that trades in both and see every shared item priced side by side.

Almost every restaurant you think of as a chain is owned by someone else entirely. What the franchisee actually buys, and why it explains the price on the board.

Localisation is not adding a novelty item. It is a staged process with a predictable sequence, and the menu data shows exactly how far each market has travelled.

Menu boards are designed documents, not lists. Where the money items sit, what the ordering of panels is doing, and how to find the price you actually want.

Menu calorie labelling is mandatory in some markets, voluntary in others and absent in most. What our data shows about how little of it reaches a published menu.
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